HMS Pandora (N42)

HMS ''Pandora'' was a British commissioned in 1930 and lost in 1942 during the Second World War. This class was the first to be fitted with Mark VIII torpedoes. On 4 July 1940 she torpedoed and sank the French aviso ''Rigault de Genouilly'' off the Algerian coast. In an extension of the Lend-Lease program, ''Pandora'', along with three other British and French submarines, was overhauled at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in the United States. She was sunk on 1 April 1942 by Junkers Ju 87 aircraft from Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 at the Valletta dockyard, Malta.

Design

The ''Parthian'' class was designed as an improvement of the earlier ; the new class was larger, built with a raked stem, and given a shield to cover the 4-inch gun. The class had a design flaw in that the riveted external fuel tanks leaked, leaving an oil trail on the surface.

All submarines of the ''Parthian'' class were fitted with eight torpedo tubes, one QF Mk XII deck gun, and two machine guns. The class was the first to be outfitted with the Mark VIII torpedo. Submarines of the ''Parthian'' class were designed for a complement of 53 officers and men.

History

''Pandora'' was ordered on 7 February 1928. She was laid down on 9 July 1928 and built by Vickers-Armstrongs in the port of Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched on 22 August 1929 before being commissioned on 30 June 1930. ''Pandora'' was initially named ''Python''; however, her name was changed in 1928 because of a distaste for serpent-named ships in the Royal Navy. The tenth ship to have this name, ''Pandora'' was named after the mythological first woman.

In December 1930, ''Pandora'' cruised to China from Portsmouth. She arrived in Hong Kong in February 1931 and served in the China Station from 1931 to 1940. In 1940, ''Pandora'' became part of the First Submarine Flotilla along with , , , , , , , , , , , and the depot ship .

Service in the Second World War

''Pandora'' patrolled the Mediterranean from 1940 to 1942. She began her service in the Eastern Mediterranean in June 1940. In July, she was tasked with operations against the French Fleet near Oran off the coast of Algeria. On 4 July 1940, she sank the French aviso near Algiers. During August, ''Pandora'' delivered supplies to the blockaded island of Malta.

The attacked ''Pandora'' with a depth charge in September, but ''Pandora'' survived the attack. In January 1941, she sank three vessels: south of Sardinia, , and one other ship near Cape Spartivento in Calabria.

Sinking

''Pandora'' arrived in Malta on 31 March 1942 to unload her stores. A bombing raid took place on 1 April 1942 while she was unloading, but the decision was made to continue the process to save time. ''Pandora'' took two direct bomb hits and was sunk. The survivors were on board the submarine when she was destroyed by a naval mine. Of the 98 crew and passengers in ''Olympus'', there were only 9 survivors.
In the 1950s, the wreck of ''Pandora'', along with the wrecks of other Malta bombing casualties - and , were raised and stripped of their casings and various parts and then taken to sea off Malta and scuttled.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandora (N42)
Parthian-class submarines
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
World War II submarines of the United Kingdom
Submarines sunk by aircraft
1929 ships
Maritime incidents in April 1942
Ships sunk by Italian aircraft